NS
NSC
Sep 30, 2023
Quarter ended Sep 30, 2023 · FY2023 Q3

Norfolk Southern Corporation stock research

Norfolk Southern (NSC) Free Cash Flow — Quarter Ended Sep 30, 2023

Free cash flow weakened sharply versus both the prior quarter and the same quarter last year, driven by lower operating cash flow and higher capital spending. The free cash flow margin contracted significantly from the year-ago level.

Free cash flow takeaway

A quick read on the company's cash generation and what it means for investors.

Free cash flow weakened sharply versus both the prior quarter and the same quarter last year, driven by lower operating cash flow and higher capital spending. The free cash flow margin contracted significantly from the year-ago level.

  • Revenue was stable compared to the prior quarter but lower than a year ago. Operating cash flow declined relative to both periods, while capital expenditure increased, resulting in a much lower free cash flow and a weakened conversion rate.
  • Compared to the immediately preceding quarter, free cash flow and free cash flow margin were lower, with operating cash flow slightly lower and capital expenditure higher. Versus the same quarter one year earlier, all metrics weakened: revenue, operating cash flow, free cash flow, and margin were all lower, while capital expenditure was higher.

FCF snapshot

Quarterly and TTM cash-flow metrics with the minimum valuation context.

TTM free cash flow

$1.1B

Trailing twelve-month free cash flow.

Quarter free cash flow

$117.0M

Free cash flow in the selected fiscal quarter.

Operating cash flow

$660.0M

Cash generated by operations before capital spending.

CapEx

$543.0M

Capital spending and related asset purchases.

FCF margin

3.9%

The share of revenue converted into free cash flow.

Cash flow trend

A short quarterly history shows whether FCF is scaling with revenue or only spiking for one period.

PeriodRevenueOperating CFCapExFCFFCF margin
2022-12-31$3.2B$798.0M$666.0M$132.0M4.1%
2023-03-31$3.1B$1.2B$428.0M$745.0M23.8%
2023-06-30$3.0B$673.0M$520.0M$153.0M5.1%
2023-09-30$3.0B$660.0M$543.0M$117.0M3.9%

Cash conversion quality

Checks that separate high-quality free cash flow from accounting noise or working-capital timing.

FCF / net income24.5%Shows whether accounting earnings convert into cash.
CapEx / revenue18.3%Lower capital intensity usually supports FCF margin.
Net cashn/aCash and equivalents minus total debt.

Recent events shaping cash flow

Near-term business events that help explain the free cash flow result.

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Operating Cash Flow Decline

Operating cash flow was lower than both the prior quarter and the same quarter last year, while capital expenditure increased. This combination was the strongest observable driver of the weakened free cash flow.

The decline in operating cash flow, alongside higher capital spending, directly reduced free cash flow and compressed the free cash flow margin.

What the cash flow says

How to interpret the company's free cash flow beyond the headline number.

Revenue was stable compared to the prior quarter but lower than a year ago. Operating cash flow declined relative to both periods, while capital expenditure increased, resulting in a much lower free cash flow and a weakened conversion rate.

Compared to the immediately preceding quarter, free cash flow and free cash flow margin were lower, with operating cash flow slightly lower and capital expenditure higher. Versus the same quarter one year earlier, all metrics weakened: revenue, operating cash flow, free cash flow, and margin were all lower, while capital expenditure was higher.

Monitor the trajectory of operating cash flow, which declined from both the prior quarter and the year-ago period.