MACD Indicator
Original schematic showing the guide's principal visual relationships.
Formula and components
A trend-momentum oscillator built from the difference between fast and slow moving averages.
MACD = EMA(12) − EMA(26); Signal = EMA(9) of MACD; Histogram = MACD − Signal.
How it works
The indicator transforms price, range, or volume observations over a selected lookback. Shorter settings react faster but create more noise; longer settings respond more slowly and emphasize the underlying regime. Always compare the reading with price structure and timeframe.
How to read it
Zero-line position shows which average is dominant, signal-line crosses show momentum shifts, and histogram expansion or contraction shows acceleration.
Confirmation checklist
Compare the current reading with its centerline, thresholds, prior swing, and price action. Crossovers and divergences are context clues, not standalone entries.
Limitations and false signals
MACD is unbounded and should not be read as overbought or oversold. Sideways markets generate frequent low-quality crosses.