Donchian Channels
Original schematic showing the guide's principal visual relationships.
Formula and components
Upper and lower boundaries formed by the highest high and lowest low over a lookback.
Upper = highest high(n); Lower = lowest low(n); Middle = (Upper + Lower) ÷ 2.
How it works
The indicator transforms price, range, or volume observations over a selected lookback. Shorter settings react faster but create more noise; longer settings respond more slowly and emphasize the underlying regime. Always compare the reading with price structure and timeframe.
How to read it
A new upper-channel print marks a lookback breakout; a new lower print marks a downside breakout. Channel width reflects recent range.
Confirmation checklist
Compare the current range with its own history and distinguish expansion from direction. Volatility can increase during both advances and declines.
Limitations and false signals
Every marginal new extreme triggers a breakout reading, so ranging markets can generate repeated failed signals.